Electroconvulsive therapy ECT is a safe and effective medical treatment for severe depression, mania and schizophrenia Clinical depression is an illness, a medical condition. It significantly affects the way someone feels, causing a persistent lowering of mood.
Depression is often accompanied by a range of other physical and psychological symptoms that can interfere with the way a person is able to function in their everyday life. The symptoms of depression generally react positively to treatment.
Many people get psychiatrists and psychologists confused. But there are some important differences. When someone experiences psychosis they are unable to distinguish what is real. Symptoms include confused thinking, delusions and hallucinations. Read more on myDr website. Depression is a mood state that is characterised by significantly lowered mood and a loss of interest or pleasure in activities that are normally enjoyable.
Such depressed mood is a common and normal experience in the population. Read more on Australian Prescriber website. Authors' conclusions: Limited evidence suggests that acupuncture may have some antipsychotic effects as measured on global and mental state with few adverse effects. Read more on Cochrane Australasian Centre website.
Mental illness is common in people with intellectual disability. They may also have physical health problems which can affect their mental state. The patient's brain is stimulated with a brief controlled series of electrical pulses. This causes a seizure within the brain that lasts for approximately a minute.
The patient is asleep for the procedure and awakens after minutes, much as from minor surgery. Most insurance plans offering coverage for psychiatric disorders at least partially reimburse the cost of ECT. Like any medical procedure, ECT is has some risks. ECT treatment has been associated with short-term memory loss and difficulty learning. Some people have trouble remembering events that occurred in the weeks before the treatment or earlier. In most cases, memory problems improve within a couple of months.
Some patients may experience longer lasting problems, including permanent gaps in memory. The risks of general anesthesia, which is needed for ECT, are similar to the risks when anesthesia is used for other procedures such as minor surgeries. The most common side effects of ECT on the day of treatment include nausea, headache, fatigue, confusion, and slight memory loss, which may last minutes to hours. These risks must be balanced with the consequences of ineffectively treated severe psychiatric disorders.
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Electroconvulsive therapy from both sides now. A few minutes later, the effects of the short-acting anesthetic and muscle relaxant begin to wear off. You're taken to a recovery area, where you're monitored for any potential problems.
When you wake up, you may experience a period of confusion lasting from a few minutes to a few hours or more. In the United States, ECT treatments are generally given two to three times weekly for three to four weeks — for a total of six to 12 treatments.
Some doctors use a newer technique called right unilateral ultrabrief pulse electroconvulsive therapy that's done daily on weekdays. The number and type of treatments you'll need depend on the severity of your symptoms and how rapidly they improve.
You can generally return to normal activities a few hours after the procedure. However, some people may be advised not to return to work, make important decisions, or drive until one to two weeks after the last ECT in a series, or for at least 24 hours after a single treatment during maintenance therapy. Resuming activities depends on when memory loss and confusion are resolved. Many people begin to notice an improvement in their symptoms after about six treatments with electroconvulsive therapy.
Full improvement may take longer, though ECT may not work for everyone. Response to antidepressant medications, in comparison, can take several weeks or more.
No one knows for certain how ECT helps treat severe depression and other mental illnesses. What is known, though, is that many chemical aspects of brain function are changed during and after seizure activity. These chemical changes may build upon one another, somehow reducing symptoms of severe depression or other mental illnesses.
That's why ECT is most effective in people who receive a full course of multiple treatments. Even after your symptoms improve, you'll still need ongoing depression treatment to prevent a recurrence. Ongoing treatment may be ECT with less frequency, but more often, it includes antidepressants or other medications, or psychological counseling psychotherapy.
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