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How IGF-1 works in the Human Body As previously mentioned above, IGF-1 is a hormone with a similar structure to insulin as well as a cell growth-promoter important for brain development and muscle and bone growth during childhood. E 10 "Insulin-like growth factor 1 - Wikipedia. Insulin is a mediator of lifespan regulation through food, exercise, and the energy metabolism. Some proteins carry instructions in the blood; they attach to receptors on the surface of a cell and tell the cell what to do.
Others get inside the cell and play a more direct role in the chemistry. IGF-1 does both. Below is an excellent example of how we have way more of both growth hormone and IGF when we are growing children than later in life.
HGH is seen a sort of a youth serum and has been used as treatment for weakness, low energy, and depression in the elderly. IGF-1 combats the loss of muscle mass in old age, both by promoting new tissue growth and retarding apoptosis cell suicide that protects against infection and cancer, but that can kill healthy cells as we get older. IGF-1 promotes new nerve growth in the brain and has been linked to increased cognitive performance as well as subjective feelings of youth and well-being.
IGF-1 protects the heart and arteries from deterioration with age. IGF-I also appears to be the key player in muscle growth. It stimulates both the differentiation and proliferation of myoblasts. It also stimulates amino acid uptake and protein synthesis in muscle and other tissues. Growth hormone has important effects on protein, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. In some cases, a direct effect of growth hormone has been clearly demonstrated, in others, IGF-I is thought to be the critical mediator, and some cases it appears that both direct and indirect effects are at play.
Production of growth hormone is modulated by many factors, including stress, exercise, nutrition, sleep and growth hormone itself. However, its primary controllers are two hypothalamic hormones and one hormone from the stomach:. Growth hormone secretion is also part of a negative feedback loop involving IGF-I. High blood levels of IGF-I lead to decreased secretion of growth hormone not only by directly suppressing the somatotroph, but by stimulating release of somatostatin from the hypothalamus.
Growth hormone also feeds back to inhibit GHRH secretion and probably has a direct autocrine inhibitory effect on secretion from the somatotroph. Integration of all the factors that affect growth hormone synthesis and secretion lead to a pulsatile pattern of release. Basal concentrations of growth hormone in blood are very low.
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