If you are sick enough with TB to go to a hospital, you may be put in a special room. These rooms use air vents that keep TB bacteria from spreading. People who work in these rooms must wear a special face mask to protect themselves from TB bacteria. You must stay in the room so that you will not spread TB bacteria to other people.
Ask a nurse if you need anything that is not in your room. If you are infectious while you are at home, there are certain things you can do to protect yourself and others near you. Your doctor may tell you to follow these guidelines to protect yourself and others:.
The most important thing is to take your medicine. Always cover your mouth with a tissue when you cough, sneeze, or laugh. Put the tissue in a closed paper sack and throw it away.
Do not go to work or school. Separate yourself from others and avoid close contact with anyone. Sleep in a bedroom away from other family members. Air out your room often to the outside of the building if it is not too cold outside. TB spreads in small closed spaces where air doesn't move.
Put a fan in your window to blow out exhaust air that may be filled with TB bacteria. If you open other windows in the room, the fan also will pull in fresh air. This will reduce the chances that TB bacteria stay in the room and infect someone who breathes the air. Remember, TB is spread through the air. People cannot get infected with TB bacteria through handshakes, sitting on toilet seats, or sharing dishes and utensils with someone who has TB. After you take medicine for about two or three weeks, you may no longer be able to spread TB bacteria to others.
If your doctor or nurse agrees, you will be able to go back to your daily routine. Remember, you will get well only if your take your medicine exactly as your doctor or nurse tells you.
Think about people who may have spent time with you, such as family members, close friends, and coworkers. The local health department may need to test them for latent TB infection. TB is especially dangerous for children and people with HIV infection.
If infected with TB bacteria, these people need preventive therapy right away to keep from developing TB disease. When TB patients do not take their medicine as prescribed, the TB bacteria may become resistant to a certain drug. This means that the drug can no longer kill the bacteria. Sometimes the bacteria become resistant to more than one drug. This is a very serious problem.
These drugs are not as good as the usual drugs for TB and they may cause more side effects. People who have spent time with someone sick with MDR TB disease can become infected with TB bacteria that are resistant to several drugs. If they have a positive skin test reaction, they may be given preventive therapy.
BCG is not widely used in the United States, but it is often given to infants and small children in other countries where TB is common. Cavity - a hole in the lung where TB bacteria have eaten away the surrounding tissue. If a cavity shows up on your chest x-ray, you are more likely to cough up bacteria and be infectious. Chest x-ray - a picture of the inside of your chest. A chest x-ray is made by exposing a film to x-rays that pass through your chest. A doctor can look at this film to see whether TB bacteria have damaged your lungs.
Culture - a test to see whether there are TB bacteria in your phlegm or other body fluids. This test can take 2 to 4 weeks in most laboratories. If you get DOT, you will meet with a health care worker every day or several times a week. You will meet at a place you both agree on. This can be the TB clinic, your home or work, or any other convenient location.
You will take your medicine at this place. Extrapulmonary TB - TB disease in any part of the body other than the lungs for example, the kidney or lymph nodes. HIV infection - infection with the human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
Infectious person - a person who can spread TB to others because he or she is coughing TB bacteria into the air. INH is also one of the five drugs often used to treat TB disease. Latent TB infection - a condition in which TB bacteria are alive but inactive in the body.
People with latent TB infection have no symptoms, don't feel sick, can't spread TB to others, and usually have a positive skin test reaction. But they may develop TB disease later in life if they do not receive treatment for latent TB infection.
Negative - usually refers to a test result. If you have a negative TB skin test reaction, you probably do not have latent TB infection. Positive - usually refers to a test result. CSF is fluid that surrounds the brain. The sample can be checked to see whether TB has infected your brain and spinal cord central nervous system.
In some circumstances, you may need to have a test to check for latent TB — where you've been infected with TB bacteria, but do not have any symptoms. For example, you may need to have a test if you've been in close contact with someone known to have active TB disease involving the lungs, or if you've recently spent time in a country where TB levels are high.
If you've just moved to the UK from a country where TB is common, you should be given information and advice about the need for testing. Your GP may suggest having a test when you register as a patient.
While it is less common in the United States than in other countries, it is highly contagious and is still a major health concern. More commonly known as TB, tuberculosis is a bacterial infection that is spread through the air.
Most TB infections start in the lungs, so when someone with the disease coughs or speaks, the bacteria can enter the air and be inhaled by people nearby. It settles in the lungs, where it can grow and move through the blood to other parts of the body.
There are two kinds of tests that are used to determine if a person has been infected with TB bacteria: the tuberculin skin test TB skin test and TB blood tests. The test consists of a small injection into the forearm. Between hours, you must return to have the health care provider look at your forearm to see if you had a reaction or not. The health care worker will look for a raised, hard area or swelling, and if present, measure its size using a ruler.
Redness by itself is not considered part of the reaction. You may also get a TB blood test, which will measure how the immune system reacts to the bacteria that cause TB.
Blood will be taken and your blood will be tested in the lab to see if there are any TB bacteria.
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