Regular hydrogen atoms the protium isotope contain one proton and no neutrons , while deuterium atoms contain one proton and one neutron. Like regular water, heavy water or deuterium oxide is colorless and participates in many of the same reactions as H 2 O.
However, most people report the two types of water taste different. Heavy water has a slightly sweet flavor. Ice cubes made out of heavy water float in heavy water, but sink in regular water. Deuterium and heavy water are not radioactive. However, the most common process used to isolate heavy water also concentrates tritiated water T 2 O. Tritium atoms contain one proton and two neutrons, resulting in an unstable isotope. The deuterated forms of drugs often have different actions than the protonated forms.
Some deuterated drugs show different transport processes. Most are more resistant to metabolic changes, especially those changes mediated by cytochrome P systems. Deuteration may also change the pathway of drug metabolism metabolic switching. Changed metabolism may lead to increased duration of action and lower toxicity. It may also lead to lower activity, if the drug is normally changed to the active form in vivo. Deuteration can also lower the genotoxicity of the anticancer drug tamoxifen and other compounds.
Deuteration increases effectiveness of long-chain fatty acids and fluoro-D-phenylalanine by preventing their breakdown by target microorganisms. A few deuterated antibiotics have been prepared, and their antimicrobial activity was found to be little changed.
Chemistry Expert. Helmenstine holds a Ph. She has taught science courses at the high school, college, and graduate levels. Facebook Facebook Twitter Twitter. Updated January 28, Fast Facts: Heavy Water Bonus Facts Bonus Fact 1: If you did drink too much heavy water, even though heavy water is not radioactive, your symptoms would mimic radiation poisoning.
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