These days, the average American male is 5-foot-9 tall. Tom Cruise, one of the highest-paid and most popular stars in Hollywood, comes in at just 5-foot-7, two inches shorter than the average. Actors such as Peter Dinklage, of "Game of Thrones" fame, are even famous for playing shorter characters, or have roles written for them, as the title role in "Willow" was for Warwick Davis.
Tom Cruise is one of the top-paid , most high-profile actors working today. By the s, he was one of the wealthiest actors in the world, and cemented his leading man fame with roles in films such as "Jerry McGuire," "Interview with the Vampire" and the "Mission Impossible" franchise. Cruise also has produced the "Mission Impossible" films.
There is speculation that Cruise actually may be shorter 5-foot-5 and wears heeled boots and shoe lifts to appear taller. Billy Crystal is an actor, comedian, writer and director. His breakthrough acting role was on the TV series "Soap" in the s. His was the first openly gay character on TV. He was a regular guest on "Saturday Night Live" in the same era and known for his trademark phrase, "You look mahvelous.
Jesse Eisenberg is an actor who began his career while in high school. Dave Franco is best known for his roles on the series "Scrubs" and the film "21 Jump Street.
Like his older brother, Dave Franco has moved to directing, starting with the horror film, "The Rental. Zach Galifianakis is an actor and comedian. He has played a range of supporting roles in comedy films. Galifianakis is best known for his role in the popular "Hangover" movie series.
He also hosts an interview-style web series, called "Between Two Ferns. Jonah Hill began his film career with a role in "I Heart Huckabee. Hill is best known for his role in the teen hit "Superbad. Hill is not sensitive about his height, but he is famously sensitive about his weight and recently slimmed down. Wayne Knight is an actor best known for his role on "Seinfeld" as Newman the mailman. He is known for his trademark glasses and high-pitched voice. James McAvoy is a Scottish actor who juggles both film and stage roles.
He originally wanted to be a missionary or a naval officer , so he could travel the world, which he presumably gets to do now when he makes movies. He had an extensive stage career in the s and s, and moved into films, playing gritty troubled characters in supporting roles until he was chosen to play Michael Corleone in "The Godfather" and his star began to rise. He continued to play troubled characters through the s and s in movies such as "Scarface," "Serpico" and "Dog Day Afternoon.
Ironically, his height almost cost him the role of Michael in "The Godfather. Ben Stiller is an actor, comedian, producer, director and writer. He is the son of famous comedians and actors Jerry Stiller and Anne Meara.
Stiller often plays cocky, arrogant, sarcastic characters who find themselves in awkward or embarrassing situations. Marc Anthony is a Grammy-winning singer, producer and actor. As an actor, he is best known for his role in the movie thriller "Man on Fire.
Anthony also appeared in other films, including "Hackers" and "The Substitutes. Martin Freeman is an English actor who is best known for playing mild-mannered "everyman" characters who are thrust into unusual situations. The first gamma-ray telescope launched in , pioneering the study of star explosions supernovae. Also in the s, astronomers commenced infrared observations using balloon-borne telescopes, gathering information about stars and other objects based on their heat emissions; the first infrared telescope the Infrared Astronomical Satellite launched in Microwave emissions are generally used to probe the young universe's origins, but they are occasionally used to study stars.
In , the first space-based optical telescope, the Hubble Space Telescope , was launched, providing the deepest, most detailed visible-light view of the universe. There have been, of course, more advanced observatories in all wavelengths over the years, and even more powerful ones are planned.
A couple of examples are the European Extremely Large Telescope E-ELT , which is planned to start observations in in infrared and optical wavelengths. Ancient cultures saw patterns in the heavens that resembled people, animals or common objects — constellations that came to represent figures from myth, such as Orion the Hunter, a hero in Greek mythology. Astronomers now often use constellations in the naming of stars. The International Astronomical Union, the world authority for assigning names to celestial objects, officially recognizes 88 constellations.
Usually, the brightest star in a constellation has "alpha," the first letter of the Greek alphabet, as part of its scientific name. The second brightest star in a constellation is typically designated "beta," the third brightest "gamma," and so on until all the Greek letters are used, after which numerical designations follow.
A number of stars have possessed names since antiquity — Betelgeuse , for instance, means "the hand or the armpit of the giant" in Arabic. It is the brightest star in Orion, and its scientific name is Alpha Orionis. Also, different astronomers over the years have compiled star catalogs that use unique numbering systems.
The Henry Draper Catalog, named after a pioneer in astrophotography, provides spectral classification and rough positions for , stars and has been widely used of by the astronomical community for over half a century. The catalog designates Betelgeuse as HD Since there are so many stars in the universe, the IAU uses a different system for newfound stars. Most consist of an abbreviation that stands for either the type of star or a catalog that lists information about the star, followed by a group of symbols.
The J reveals that a coordinate system known as J is being used, while the and are coordinates similar to the latitude and longitude codes used on Earth. In recent years, the IAU formalized several names for stars amid calls from the astronomical community to include the public in their naming process. The IAU formalized 14 star names in the "Name ExoWorlds" contest , taking suggestions from science and astronomy clubs around the world.
Then in , the IAU approved star names , mostly taking cues from antiquity in making its decision. The goal was to reduce variations in star names and also spelling "Formalhaut", for example, had 30 recorded variations. However, the long-standing name "Alpha Centauri" — referring to a famous star system with planets just four light years from Earth — was replaced with Rigel Kentaurus.
A star develops from a giant, slowly rotating cloud that is made up entirely or almost entirely of hydrogen and helium.
Due to its own gravitational pull, the cloud behind to collapse inward, and as it shrinks, it spins more and more quickly, with the outer parts becoming a disk while the innermost parts become a roughly spherical clump.
According to NASA, this collapsing material grows hotter and denser, forming a ball-shaped protostar. When the heat and pressure in the protostar reaches about 1. Nuclear fusion converts a small amount of the mass of these atoms into extraordinary amounts of energy — for instance, 1 gram of mass converted entirely to energy would be equal to an explosion of roughly 22, tons of TNT. The life cycles of stars follow patterns based mostly on their initial mass.
These include intermediate-mass stars such as the sun, with half to eight times the mass of the sun, high-mass stars that are more than eight solar masses, and low-mass stars a tenth to half a solar mass in size. The greater a star's mass, the shorter its lifespan generally is. The Argentine soccer great who was among the best players ever and who led his country to the World Cup title died from a heart attack on Wednesday, Nov. Soccer star Diego Maradona, - Playwright and screenwriter Terrence McNally, - Joe Morgan has died.
A family spokesman says he died at his home Sunday, Oct. MLB player and coach Joe Morgan, - Hall of Fame player and former coach who transitioned to broadcasting. Singer and songwriter Johnny Nash, - Neal, the dribbling wizard who entertained millions with the Harlem Globetrotters for parts of three decades, has died the Globetrotters announced Thursday, March 26, Neal played for the Globetrotters from , appearing in more than 6, games in 97 countries for the exhibition team known for its combination of comedy and athleticism.
Franklin, File AP. Longtime member of the Harlem Globetrotters. Niekro, who pitched well into his 40s with a knuckleball that baffled big league hitters for more than two decades, mostly with the Atlanta Braves, has died after a long fight with cancer, the team announced Sunday, Dec. Pitcher Phil Niekro, - Hall of Fame pitcher who helped make the knuckleball famous won more than games in his long pro career.
Osmond's family says he died Monday, May 18, , in Los Angeles. Actor Ken Osmond, - Pro wrestler Pat Patterson, - Peart, the renowned drummer and lyricist from the band Rush, has died. Musician and songwriter Neil Peart, - Drummer and lyricist for the band Rush.
One of the first members of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. TV host Regis Philbin, - FILE - In this May 15, , file photo, actress Kelly Preston poses for photographers during a photo call for the film 'Gotti' at the 71st international film festival, Cannes, southern France.
Actress Kelly Preston, - Singer Charley Pride, - Prine died Tuesday, April 7, , from complications of the coronavirus. Singer and songwriter John Prine, - Grammy-winning country and folk singer. The show runs through Monday. Actor Dave Prowse, - Best know for being the man behind the mask of Darth Vader in the original Star Wars films.
Singer Helen Reddy, - Variety reported he died of natural causes on Monday night, June 29, , at his home in Beverly Hills, Calif. Actor and comedian Carl Reiner, - Reinking, the Tony Award-winning choreographer, actress and Bob Fosse collaborator who helped spread a cool, muscular hybrid of jazz and burlesque movement to Broadway and beyond, has died. Actress and choreographer Ann Reinking, - Bluegrass guitarist Tony Rice, - Actress Diana Rigg, - An autopsy report released Friday, Sept.
Actress Naya Rivera, - A representative says Rogers died at home in Georgia on Friday, March 20, Singer and songwriter Kenny Rogers, - Actor John Saxon, - Running back Gale Sayers, - Youngest player inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame after injuries cut his career for the Bears short. Musician Florian Schneider, - Founding member of the band Kraftwerk.
Shula, who won the most games of any NFL coach and led the Miami Dolphins to the only perfect season in league history, died Monday, May 4, , at his South Florida home, the team said. Boan AP.
Coach Don Shula, - A representative for Schumacher said the filmmaker died Monday, June 22, , in New York after a year-long battle with cancer. Director Joel Schumacher, Directed many notable films throughout his career including 'St. As a child star, Judy Garland was force-fed speed and encouraged to smoke cigarettes to curb her appetite. Studios would place actresses on strict diets if they gained weight. Marlene Dietrich followed a diet of broth, cottage cheese, and toast dictated by her studio.
Starlets often exercised to maintain their physiques, although it wasn't common to talk about it back then.
Katharine Hepburn favored tennis and swimming, while Marilyn Monroe was one of the first actresses to regularly lift weights. Minimal child labor laws meant that studios could require children to work just as much as their adult counterparts.
For Judy Garland, that meant working six days per week and up to hour shifts filled with singing and dancing. She called in sick 16 days while working on Meet Me in St.
Louis, and production on The Pirate was delayed by the actress. Shirley Temple learned from a young age that it was never a good idea to be unprofessional on set. Wasted time means wasted money means trouble," she wrote in her book Child Star. Studios often appointed assistants to their actors, who would advise and take care of the stars. They would also report back to the studio and essentially act as spies. Judy Garland was reportedly devastated when she found out her nanny had been betraying her.
As studios strived to present their actors and actresses in the best possible light, rumors or scandals could jeopardize a career. Actress Clara Bow was one of the most famous women in the s, until her rumored promiscuity caused her to lose her contract with Paramount.
Bazaar Bride. United States. Type keyword s to search. Today's Top Stories. Goodbye to All That. Bettmann Getty Images. They had to sign long-term contracts. They couldn't work with other studios while on contract. Archive Photos Getty Images. But talent could be loaned to other studios. George Rinhart Getty Images. Actors couldn't refuse parts.
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